If you have a function like:

def f(a, b, c):
    print(a, b, c)

and call it like:

f(*(1, 2, 3))

or

f(**{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})

we do not flow the provided types through the correct parameters. If *d or **e parameters were in the definition, these would receive all the values instead of just the excess ones.